Lesson 10

Bases and Heights of Triangles

Let’s use different base-height pairs to find the area of a triangle.

10.1: An Area of 12

Draw one triangle with an area of 12 square units. Try to draw a non-right triangle. Be prepared to explain how you know the area of your triangle is 12 square units.

10.2: Hunting for Heights

  1. Here are three copies of the same triangle. The triangle is rotated so that the side chosen as the base is at the bottom and is horizontal. Draw a height that corresponds to each base. Use an index card to help you.

    Side \(a\) as the base:

    A triangle with sides labeled a, b, and c.

    Side \(b\) as the base:

    A triangle with sides labeled a, b, and c.

    Side \(c\) as the base:

    A triangle with sides labeled a, b, and c.

     

    Pause for your teacher’s instructions before moving to the next question.

  2. Draw a line segment to show the height for the chosen base in each triangle.

    Six triangles labeled A--F each with one side marked as the base.

10.3: Some Bases Are Better Than Others

For each triangle, identify and label a base and height. If needed, draw a line segment to show the height.

Then, find the area of the triangle. Show your reasoning. (The side length of each square on the grid is 1 unit.)

Four triangles labeled A--D on a grid.


Find the area of this triangle. Show your reasoning.

A triangle on a grid.

Summary

A height of a triangle is a perpendicular segment between the side chosen as the base and the opposite vertex. We can use tools with right angles to help us draw height segments.

An index card (or any stiff paper with a right angle) is a handy tool for drawing a line that is perpendicular to another line.

  1. Choose a side of a triangle as the base. Identify its opposite vertex.
  2. Line up one edge of the index card with that base.
  3. Slide the card along the base until a perpendicular edge of the card meets the opposite vertex.
  4. Use the card edge to draw a line from the vertex to the base. That segment represents the height.
4 triangles, index cards covering part of two of the triangles 

Sometimes we may need to extend the line of the base to identify the height, such as when finding the height of an obtuse triangle, or whenever the opposite vertex is not directly over the base. In these cases, the height segment is typically drawn outside of the triangle.

4 triangles, index card used to draw exterior height

Even though any side of a triangle can be a base, some base-height pairs can be more easily determined than others, so it helps to choose strategically.

For example, when dealing with a right triangle, it often makes sense to use the two sides that make the right angle as the base and the height because one side is already perpendicular to the other.

If a triangle is on a grid and has a horizontal or a vertical side, you can use that side as a base and use the grid to find the height, as in these examples:

2 triangles on a grid. On left, base= 5 and 1 half, height = 4. On right, base= 4, height = 9.

Video Summary

Glossary Entries

  • edge

    Each straight side of a polygon is called an edge.

    For example, the edges of this polygon are segments \(AB\), \(BC\), \(CD\), \(DE\), and \(EA\).

    Polygon with 5 sides
  • opposite vertex

    For each side of a triangle, there is one vertex that is not on that side. This is the opposite vertex.

    For example, point \(A\) is the opposite vertex to side \(BC\).

    triangle with points labeled A, B, C.
  • vertex

    A vertex is a point where two or more edges meet. When we have more than one vertex, we call them vertices.

    The vertices in this polygon are labeled \(A\), \(B\), \(C\), \(D\), and \(E\).

    Polygon with 5 sides