Lesson 11

The Distributive Property, Part 3

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11.1: The Shaded Region (5 minutes)

CCSS Standards


Addressing

Warm-up

Students reflect on equivalent expressions that represent the area of a shaded rectangle which is part of a larger rectangle of unknown width. 

Launch

Allow students 2 minutes of quiet work time, followed by a whole-class discussion.

Student Facing

A rectangle with dimensions 6 cm and \(w\) cm is partitioned into two smaller rectangles.

Explain why each of these expressions represents the area, in cm2, of the shaded region.

  • \(6w-24\)

  • \(6(w-4)\)
A rectangle with height labeled 6 and total width labeled w. A portion of the width "w" is labeled 4.  

Student Response

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Activity Synthesis

Ask students to share their reasoning. \(6w-24\) should be straighforward: the area of the entire rectangle is \(6w\), and the area of the unshaded portion is \(6 \boldcdot 4\) or 24, so the area of the shaded portion is \(6w-24\). 

Students may have more trouble with \(6(w-4)\). The key is to understand that the longer side of the shaded portion can be represented by \(w-4\).

A rectangle with height of 6 and total width of w is partitioned into two smaller rectangles. Area of one rectangle is shaded blue.

11.2: Matching to Practice Distributive Property (15 minutes)

CCSS Standards


Addressing

Routines and Materials


Instructional Routines

Optional activity

Students practice finding expressions that are equivalent because of the distributive property.

Launch

Allow students 10 minutes of quiet work time, followed by a whole-class discussion.

Representation: Internalize Comprehension. Activate or supply background knowledge. Remind students that they can use rectangle diagrams to help them match expressions.
Supports accessibility for: Social-emotional skills; Conceptual processing

Student Facing

Match each expression in column 1 to an equivalent expression in column 2. If you get stuck, consider drawing a diagram.

Column 1

  1. \(a(1+2+3)\)
  2. \(2(12-4)\)
  3. \(12a+3b\)
  4. \(\frac23(15a-18)\)
  5. \(6a+10b\)
  6. \(0.4(5-2.5a)\)
  7. \(2a+3a\)

Column 2

  • \(3(4a+b)\)
  • \(12 \boldcdot 2 - 4 \boldcdot 2\)
  • \(2(3a+5b)\)
  • \((2+3)a\)
  • \(a+2a+3a\)
  • \(10a-12\)
  • \(2-a\)

Student Response

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Activity Synthesis

Invite students to share whether any of the matches were difficult to find and how they worked through the challenge.

Speaking: MLR7 Compare and Connect. Ask students to consider what is the same and what is different between the representations of expressions in each column. Highlight and demonstrate mathematical language used (e.g., distributive property, distribute, product, sum, difference, coefficient) to make connections among the matched expressions. These exchanges strengthen students' mathematical language use and reasoning about equivalent expressions in general and the distributive property specifically.
Design Principle(s): Maximize meta-awareness

11.3: Writing Equivalent Expressions Using the Distributive Property (15 minutes)

CCSS Standards


Addressing

Routines and Materials


Instructional Routines

Optional activity

Students practice working back and forth writing equivalent expressions with the distributive property.

Launch

Allow students 10 minutes of quiet work time, followed by a whole-class discussion.

Student Facing

The distributive property can be used to write equivalent expressions. In each row, use the distributive property to write an equivalent expression. If you get stuck, consider drawing a diagram.

product sum or difference
\(3(3+x)\)  
  \(4x-20\)
\((9-5)x\)  
  \(4x+7x\)
\(3(2x+1)\)  
  \(10x-5\)
  \(x+2x+3x\)
\(\frac12 (x-6)\)  
\(y(3x+4z)\)  
  \(2xyz-3yz+4xz\)

 

Student Response

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Student Facing

Are you ready for more?

This rectangle has been cut up into squares of varying sizes. Both small squares have side length 1 unit. The square in the middle has side length \(x\) units.

A rectangle tiled with squares of various sizes.
  1. Suppose that \(x\) is 3. Find the area of each square in the diagram. Then find the area of the large rectangle.
  2. Find the side lengths of the large rectangle assuming that \(x\) is 3. Find the area of the large rectangle by multiplying the length times the width. Check that this is the same area you found before.
  3. Now suppose that we do not know the value of \(x\). Write an expression for the side lengths of the large rectangle that involves \(x\).

Student Response

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Activity Synthesis

Invite students to explain how they knew, when working backwards, what to put in front of the parentheses and what remained inside.

Listening, Representing: MLR8 Discussion Supports. To develop students’ meta-awareness, think-aloud as you write an equivalent expression using the distributive property. As you talk, demonstrate mathematical language about the relationship between expression on the same row of the table. For the second row, ask, “What number do I need that is a factor of both \(4x\) and 20 (e.g., it’s 4)?. Because \(4x\) equals 4 times \(x\) and since 20 equals 4 times 5, we can write \(4x - 20\) as a product \(4(x - 5)\).”
Design Principle(s): Maximize meta-awareness

Lesson Synthesis

Lesson Synthesis

You might want to have students work on a creative visual display for the classroom that shows their understanding of the distributive property in both directions.

11.4: Cool-down - Writing Equivalent Expressions (5 minutes)

CCSS Standards


Addressing

Cool-Down

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Student Lesson Summary

Student Facing

The distributive property can be used to write a sum as a product, or write a product as a sum. You can always draw a partitioned rectangle to help reason about it, but with enough practice, you should be able to apply the distributive property without making a drawing.

Here are some examples of expressions that are equivalent due to the distributive property.

\(\displaystyle \begin {align} 9+18&=9(1+2)\\ 2(3x+4)&=6x+8\\ 2n+3n+n&=n(2+3+1)\\ 11b-99a&=11(b-9a)\\ k(c+d-e)&=kc+kd-ke\\ \end {align}\)