Lesson 11

Similarity

Let’s explore similar figures.

11.1: Equivalent Expressions

Use what you know about operations and their properties to write three expressions equivalent to the expression shown.

\(\displaystyle 10 (2 + 3) - 8 \boldcdot 3\)

11.2: Similarity Transformations (Part 1)

  1. Triangle \(EGH\) and triangle \(LME\) are similar. Find a sequence of translations, rotations, reflections, and dilations that shows this.

     

  2. Hexagon \(ABCDEF\) and hexagon \(HGLKJI\) are similar. Find a sequence of translations, rotations, reflections, and dilations that shows this.

     


The same sequence of transformations takes Triangle A to Triangle B, takes Triangle B to Triangle C, and so on. Describe a sequence of transformations with this property.

A sequence of transformations on a circular grid. Ask for further assistance.

11.3: Similarity Transformations (Part 2)

Sketch figures similar to Figure A that use only the transformations listed to show similarity.

Figure A, left, bottom, and right sides at right angles, left side taller than right side. A V shape connects the top left to the top right.

 

  1. A translation and a reflection. Label your sketch Figure B.
    Pause here so your teacher can review your work.
  2. A reflection and a dilation with scale factor greater than 1. Label your sketch Figure C.
  3. A rotation and a reflection. Label your sketch Figure D.
  4. A dilation with scale factor less than 1 and a translation. Label your sketch Figure E.

11.4: Methods for Translations and Dilations

Your teacher will give you a set of five cards and your partner a different set of five cards. Using only the cards you were given, find at least one way to show that triangle \(ABC\) and triangle \(DEF\) are similar. Compare your method with your partner’s method. What is the same about your methods? What is different?

A point P on a grid. Triangle A, B C. Point A 4 below P, point B is 4 right from A, point C 2 up from B. Triangle D E F. Point D 12 below P, point E is 12 right from D, point F is 6 up from E.

 

Summary

Let’s show that triangle \(ABC\) is similar to triangle \(DEF\):

Similar triangles. Ask for further assistance.

Two figures are similar if one figure can be transformed into the other by a sequence of translations, rotations, reflections, and dilations. There are many correct sequences of transformations, but we only need to describe one to show that two figures are similar.

One way to get from \(ABC\) to \(DEF\) follows these steps:

  • step 1: reflect across line \(f\)
  • step 2: rotate \(90^\circ\) counterclockwise around \(D\)
  • step 3: dilate with center \(D\) and scale factor 2
Four triangles, first A, B C. D B prime C prime is a reflection of A, B C. D, B double prime, C double prime is a rotation of D B prime C prime. D E F is a dilation of D B double prime C double prime.

Another way would be to dilate triangle \(ABC\) by a scale factor of 2 with center of dilation \(A\), then translate \(A\) to \(D\), then reflect over a vertical line through \(D\), and finally rotate it so it matches up with triangle \(DEF\). What steps would you choose to show the two triangles are similar?

Glossary Entries

  • similar

    Two figures are similar if one can fit exactly over the other after rigid transformations and dilations.

    In this figure, triangle \(ABC\) is similar to triangle \(DEF\).

    If \(ABC\) is rotated around point \(B\) and then dilated with center point \(O\), then it will fit exactly over \(DEF\). This means that they are similar.