Lesson 5

Explore Addition and Subtraction

Warm-up: Number Talk: Subtract 1 or 2 (10 minutes)

Narrative

The purpose of this Number Talk is to elicit strategies and understandings students have for subtracting 1 or 2 from a given number. Students may use the structure of the count sequence and count back to determine the difference (MP7).

Launch

  • Display one expression.
  • “Give me a signal when you have an answer and can explain how you got it.”
  • 1 minute: quiet think time

Activity

  • Share and record responses.
  • Keep problems and work displayed.
  • Repeat with each expression.

Student Facing

Find the value of each expression mentally.

  • \(6 - 1\)
  • \(6 - 2\)
  • \(8 - 1\)
  • \(8 - 2\)

Student Response

Teachers with a valid work email address can click here to register or sign in for free access to Student Response.

Activity Synthesis

  • “How are problems 3 and 4 the same?  How are they different?” (They both start with 8. They are both subtraction. One subtracts 1 and the other subtracts 2. One is 7 and the other is 6.)

Activity 1: Introduce Check it Off, Subtract within 10 (20 minutes)

Narrative

The purpose of this activity is for students to learn stage 2 in the center Check it Off. In this stage students subtract within 10 in any way that makes sense to them. Students may count all and remove some before counting again, count back, or use a known fact. Students are introduced to the term difference. They write subtraction expressions to represent differences. If students write an expression with the minuend and subtrahend in reversed order, for example \(4 - 7\) instead of \(7 - 4\), ask them to represent the expression with cubes or two-color counters. Students will see that if they have four cubes, they are not able to take away seven. Allow students to think about how they can write an expression that represents beginning with one of the numbers and taking away the other to find the difference. Avoid telling students that the bigger number is always first in a subtraction expression since this will not remain true when students begin working with negative numbers. 

MLR8 Discussion Supports. Synthesis: Invite students to use the following sentence frames: “The difference is . . .” and “To find the difference I can . . . .”
Advances: Speaking, Representing
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions. Ask students to recall strategies from the warm-up that were useful. Invite students to identify one or two strategies they plan to continue with, and to share their plan with a partner before they begin.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Memory

Required Materials

Materials to Gather

Materials to Copy

  • Check It Off Stage 2 Recording Sheet

Required Preparation

  • Each group of 2 needs a set of Number Cards 0-10.

Launch

  • Groups of 2
  • Give each group a set of number cards, two recording sheets, and access to two-color counters and 10-frames.
  • “We are going to learn a new way to play Check it Off. This time, instead of adding to find each number on the recording sheet, you will subtract.”
  • Demonstrate choosing two number cards.
  • “Now I find the difference between the two numbers. The difference is the result when one number is subtracted from another. What is the difference between these two numbers? How do you know?”
  • Demonstrate checking off the number on the recording sheet.
  • “After you check off the number, write a subtraction expression to show the difference.”
  • Demonstrate writing the subtraction expression.
  • “Continue taking turns with your partner. The person who checks off the most numbers wins.”

Activity

  • 15 minutes: partner work time
  • As students work, consider asking:
    • “How did you find the difference?”
    • “Which expression did you write?”
  • Monitor for students who count out counters, remove some and count again or count back to find the difference.

Student Response

Teachers with a valid work email address can click here to register or sign in for free access to Student Response.

Activity Synthesis

  • “I have the numbers 7 and 3. How can I find the difference?”
  • Invite previously identified students to share.
  • “What subtraction expression can I write to show the difference?”

Activity 2: Centers: Choice Time (20 minutes)

Narrative

The purpose of this activity is for students to choose from activities that focus on counting up to 20 objects or adding and subtracting within 10. Students choose from any stage of previously introduced centers and are encouraged to choose the center that will be most helpful for them at this time. 
  • Counting Collections
  • Number Race
  • Check it Off
  • Five in a Row: Addition and Subtraction

Required Materials

Materials to Gather

Required Preparation

  • Gather materials from previous centers:
    • Counting Collections, Stage 1
    • Number Race, Stage 3
    • Check it Off, Stages 1 and 2
    • Five in a Row: Addition and Subtraction, Stages 1 and 2

Launch

  • Groups of 2
  • “Now you are going to choose from centers we have already learned.”
  • Display the center choices in the student book.
  • “Think about what you would like to do first.”
  • 30 seconds: quiet think time

Activity

  • Invite students to work at the center of their choice. 
  • 8 minutes: center work time
  • “Choose what you would like to do next.”
  • 8 minutes: center work time

Student Facing

Choose a center.

Counting Collections

Center. Counting Collections.

Number Race

Center. Number Race.

Check it Off

Center. Check It Off.

Five in a Row: Addition and Subtraction

Center activity. Five in a row.

Activity Synthesis

  • “We have been playing lots of games with addition and subtraction. What is something you have gotten better at from playing these games?”

Lesson Synthesis

Lesson Synthesis

Math Community

Display math community poster.

Explain to students that norms are expectations that help everyone in the room feel safe, comfortable, and productive doing math together.

“We are going to make a list of norms for how we do math together. One example of a norm is ‘Listen as others share their ideas.’ What other norms should we set for our class?”

Share and record responses.

Cool-down: Unit 1, Section A Checkpoint (0 minutes)

Cool-Down

Teachers with a valid work email address can click here to register or sign in for free access to Cool-Downs.

Student Section Summary

Student Facing

We practiced counting collections.

Center. Counting Collections.

We added 1 or 2 by counting on.
\(4 + 2\)
4 . . . 5, 6

We subtracted 1 or 2 by counting back.
\(6 - 2\)
6 . . . 5, 4

We played games with addition and subtraction within 10.