Lesson 20

Add and Subtract Within 1,000,000

Warm-up: Notice and Wonder: Subtracting Tens of Thousands (10 minutes)

Narrative

This warm-up prompts students to analyze an example of subtraction using both the standard algorithm and expanded form. The numbers require decomposing multiple units, which are shown in both strategies. The observations here prepare students to later reason with similar subtraction problems in which more than one decomposition is needed.

Launch

  • Groups of 2
  • Display subtraction calculations.
  • “What do you notice? What do you wonder?”
  • 1 minute: quiet think time

Activity

  • “Discuss your thinking with your partner.”
  • 1 minute: partner discussion
  • Share and record responses.

Student Facing

What do you notice? What do you wonder?

ASubtract. Seventy five thousand nine hundred forty, minus, twelve thousand seven hundred eighty six. 
BSubtract.

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Student Response

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Activity Synthesis

  • “How are the two examples alike? How are they different?” (In the second one the numbers are written in expanded form, including the numbers that show regrouping.)
  • “We’ve seen subtraction problems with decomposed units before. How are these different?” (In the problems we have seen so far, only one place needed to be decomposed in order to subtract. In these examples, more than one place needs to be decomposed.)

Activity 1: Add and Subtract Large Numbers (15 minutes)

Narrative

The purpose of this activity is for students to add and subtract multi-digit numbers through the hundred-thousands place. To find the value of some differences, students will decompose more than one unit.

The last question includes problems with a missing addend and a missing subtrahend. Besides making use of the structure of the standard algorithm (MP7), students will need to rely on what they know about the relationship between addition and subtraction to find the missing numbers.

Action and Expression: Develop Expression and Communication. Develop fluency with the standard algorithm by offering and gradually releasing scaffolds. Some students may continue to benefit from access to tools such as base-ten blocks, a blank place value chart, and place value cards. Use place value language to make explicit connections between these representations and the standard algorithm. Invite students to record what they are doing with these tools using the notation of the standard algorithm.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Language, Memory

Required Materials

Materials to Gather

Launch

  • Groups of 2
  • Give students access to grid paper.

Activity

  • 5–7 minutes: independent work time
  • “Check your responses to the first problem with your partner and make any adjustments you need to make. Then work on the second problem together.”
  • 2–3 minutes: partner discussion
  • As students work on the second problem monitor for students who:
    • Find the missing addend by adding up from 67,182 to 129,400, or by subtracting \(129,\!400 - 67,\!182\).
    • Find the missing subtrahend by adding up from 193,710 to 234,650, or by subtracting \(234,\!650 - 193,\!710\)

Student Facing

  1. Use the standard algorithm to find the value of each sum and difference. If you get stuck, try writing the numbers in expanded form.

    1. \(7,\!106 + 2,\!835\)
    2. \(8,\!179 - 3,\!599\)
    3. \(142,\!571 + 10,\!909\)
    4. \(268,\!322 - 72,\!145\)
  2. Find the missing number that would make each computation true.

    aadd. sixty seven thousand, one hundred eighty two, plus, blank, equals, one hundred twenty nine thousand, four hundred.
    bSubtract. Two hundred thirty four thousand, six hundred, fifty, minus, blank, equals, one hundred ninety three thousand, seven hundred, ten. 

Student Response

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Advancing Student Thinking

Students may not recognize the relationship between addition and subtraction, or may not know how to begin the problem involving a missing addend and missing subtrahend. Consider asking: “How might we write this problem as an equation with a symbol for the unknown?”

Activity Synthesis

  • “How can you tell if your answers are correct? How can you check them?” (One way to check the result of subtraction is by adding it back to the number being subtracted. One way to check the result of addition is by subtracting one addend from the sum. Another way of checking is by performing the calculations with the numbers written in expanded form.)

Activity 2: Spot Errors (20 minutes)

Narrative

In this activity, students analyze addition and subtraction calculations, identify errors, and explain what makes certain ways of calculating problematic. The work here gives students opportunities to construct logical arguments and critique the reasoning of others (MP3).

MLR8 Discussion Supports. During group work, invite students to take turns sharing their responses. Ask students to restate what they heard using precise mathematical language and their own words. Display the sentence frame: “I heard you say . . . .” Original speakers can agree or clarify for their partner.
Advances: Listening, Speaking

Required Materials

Materials to Gather

Launch

  • Groups of 2
  • Display the first problem.
  • 2 minutes: quiet think time
  • 2–3 minutes: partner discussion

Activity

  • 5 minutes: independent work time to complete the second problem.
  • 2 minutes: partner discussion
  • Monitor for students who describe the errors using place value language and an understanding of how and when to decompose a unit.

Student Facing

  1. Kiran is trying to find the sum of 204,500 and 695. He isn’t sure how to set up the calculation so he wrote down two ideas. Which way is correct? Be ready to share your thinking with your partner.

    Aadd. twenty thousand, four hundred fifty, plus, six in the ten thousand place, nine in the thousand place, five in the hundred place, equals, eighty nine thousand, nine hundred fifty.

     

    Badd. Two hundred four thousand, five hundred, plus, six hundred ninety five, equals, two hundred five thousand, one hundred ninety five.
  2. Lin made some errors when subtracting 4,325 from 61,870. Identify as many errors as you can find. Then, show the correct way to subtract.

    subtract. sixty one thousand, eight hundred seventy, minus, four thousand, three hundred twenty five, equals, sixty six thousand, five hundred fifty five.

Student Response

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Advancing Student Thinking

If students have trouble making sense of Lin's work, encourage them to find the difference and then compare their work to Lin's.

Activity Synthesis

  • Select 2–3 students to share their responses and reasoning.
  • Record responses as students share.
  • “What are some errors that are commonly done when subtracting two numbers using the standard algorithm?” (Subtracting without lining up the numbers by place value. Using the notation of regrouping without decomposing a unit. Crossing out digits without including them in the regrouping. Subtracting from left to right without decomposing units.)
  • “What ideas do you have for avoiding those errors?” (Use grid paper to line up the digits by place value. Decompose the unit before regrouping. Check answers using addition.)

Lesson Synthesis

Lesson Synthesis

Display these subtraction problems.

Asubtraction algorithm.
Bsubtraction algorithm.

Ask students to decide if they agree with the following statements, without doing any calculations. Students should be prepared to defend their decisions.

  • “Only problem A can be done. Problem B cannot be completed because the 8s in the second number are greater than most digits in the first number.” (Disagree)
  • “Problem A doesn’t require any decomposing.” (Agree)
  • “Problem B requires decomposing units in four places.” (Disagree)
  • “The result of the subtraction in A is in the hundred-thousands.” (Agree)
  • “The result of the subtraction in B is also in the hundred-thousands” (Disagree)

If time permits, ask students to find each difference (Problem A is 143,210, and Problem B is 98,766) and to show a way to check their answers.

Cool-down: Subtract (5 minutes)

Cool-Down

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