Lesson 19

More Money Problems

Warm-up: Number Talk: Use Ten to Add Within 100 (10 minutes)

Narrative

This Number Talk encourages students to think about decomposing and composing numbers leading to a ten in order to add numbers more easily. The first addend in each expression is 2 away from a ten, so students consider decomposing the second addend to make the numbers more friendly for mental calculations (MP7).

Launch

  • Display one expression.
  • “Give me a signal when you have an answer and can explain how you got it.”
  • 1 minute: quiet think time

Activity

  • Record answers and strategies.
  • Keep expressions and work displayed.
  • Repeat with each expression.

Student Facing

Find the value of each expression mentally.

  • \(18 + 32\)
  • \(28 + 32\)
  • \(28 + 34\)
  • \(38 + 35\)

Student Response

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Activity Synthesis

  • “What pattern did you notice with these expressions?”
  • “How did thinking about composing a ten help you solve mentally?” (Each time the first number was only 2 away from a ten. Then it was a more friendly number.)

Activity 1: Shop with Friends (15 minutes)

Narrative

The purpose of this activity is for students to match story problems in the context of money to tape diagrams. Students make sense of stories and determine which diagram represents the situations. One pair of stories are one-step story problems while the other pair are two-step stories. The numbers in the stories are the same so students will have to focus on relationships between the quantities in the stories to math them to tapes (MP2). 

Students may choose and justify different matches than those given in the student responses (MP3). For example, diagram B could match Jada's story. Since this story is naturally interpreted as a comparison, it naturally matches diagram C. For the two-step problems as well, either could be represented by diagram A or diagram D.  For the basketball story, we know that the basketball costs \$39 less than the football and soccer ball while for the clothes we know that the pair of pants costs \$39 and want to know how much more the shirt and shoes cost. Diagram A matches the clothes story because the 39 is known but the difference is not known. Diagram D matches the basketball story because the difference 39 is known.

Representation: Internalize Comprehension. Synthesis: Invite students to identify which details were important in the word problem and what helped them determine whether to add or subtract to solve the problem. In the discussion, use the sentence frame, “When I solve a word problem, I will pay attention to the action within the problem to determine whether to add or subtract. The action in this problem was...“
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Language, Attention

Launch

  • Groups of 2
  • “Today you will solve story problems with amounts of money that are more than 1 dollar.”
  • “Sometimes we spend large dollar amounts when shopping for items we need or to buy gifts for others on special occasions.”
  • “Share about a time you went shopping with a partner.”
  • 2 minutes: partner discussion

Activity

  • “Now you will look at story problems about shopping. Each story is represented with a diagram.”
  • “Match each story to a diagram and write the letter next to the story.”
  • “Try matching on your own, and then compare with your partner.”
  • “Explain how you know each diagram matches.”
  • 5 minutes: independent work time
  • 3 minutes: partner discussion

Student Facing

Write the letter next to the story problem it represents.

A
BDiagram. One rectangle split into 2 parts. Total length, 68. First part, total length, 39. Other part, total length, question mark. 
CDiagram. Two rectangles of equal length.
D

  1. A basketball costs \$39 less than a soccer ball and football combined.

    The soccer ball costs \$29 and the football costs \$68.

    How many dollars does the basketball cost? _____

  2. Jada is saving to buy a gift for her dad. The gift costs \$68. So far she has \$39.

    How much more does she need? _____

  3. A pair of pants costs \$39.

    A shirt costs \$29 and a pair of shoes cost \$68.

    How many more dollars do the shirt and shoes cost than the pants? _____

  4. Diego has \$39. His mom gave him some money for his birthday. Now he has \$68.

    How much money did he get for his birthday? _____

Student Response

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Advancing Student Thinking

If students mismatch stories and diagrams, consider asking:
  • “What is the story problem about?”
  • “How does the story problem represent addition or subtraction?”
  • “How does the diagram show addition or subtraction?”

Activity Synthesis

  • “How were the diagrams the same or different?” (
    • Every diagram has 39 and a 68 and some of them have a 29.
    • The numbers are in different places. 
    • Some of the diagrams look like they are comparing quantities while one of them puts two quantities together.)
  • “How did you decide which diagram went with each story?” (
    • In two of the stories there was something that cost \$29 and something that cost \$68 so I could look at tapes A and D and figure out how the stories match.
    • In some stories the larger amount had the prices of two things added together, so I looked for that in the diagrams.
    • The story about Diego I just need to find out how much Diego needed and that was the simplest tape.
    • For Jada's story, the diagram compares what she had to how much more she needed.)
  • Share and record responses.
  • As needed, invite students to share how some stories could be represented by more than one diagram by explaining how they match the quantities and the context.
  • “In the next activity, you will have a chance to solve some of these story problems and a few others.”

Activity 2: Money Among Friends (20 minutes)

Narrative

The purpose of this activity is for students to solve two-step problems without the scaffold of having the first step explicitly stated. Students solve in a way that makes sense to them and might use diagrams to help them make sense of the story. In the synthesis, the tape diagram is highlighted.

MLR7 Compare and Connect. Synthesis: Invite group to prepare a visual display that shows the strategy they used to solve the story problems. Encourage students to include details that will help others interpret their thinking. For example, using labels, notes, diagrams, or drawings. Give students time to investigate each other’s work. During the whole-class discussion, ask students, “What did the representations have in common?”, “How were they different?” and “Did anyone solve the problem the same way, but would explain it differently?”
Advances: Representing, Conversing

Launch

  • Groups of 2
  • “With a partner, choose a problem from the first activity to solve. Discuss how the diagram can help you think about the problem.”
  • 4 minutes: partner work time

Activity

  • “Now you will be solving a few money problems on your own.”
  • “Use a diagram if it helps you make sense of the story.”
  • 10 minutes: independent work time
  • Monitor for students who use a diagram to represent and solve the problem about Tyler, Andre, and Noah.

Student Facing

For each problem, show your thinking. Write your final answer using the \$. Use a diagram if it helps.

  1. Mai has \$27, Elena has \$48, and Jada has \$16. How much money do they have altogether?
  2. Tyler has \$45, Andre has \$36, and Noah has \$28. How much less money does Tyler have than Andre and Noah combined?
  3. Lin has \$19. Together, Lin and Han have \$45. Then Han gets \$17 more. How much money does Han have now?

Student Response

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Advancing Student Thinking

If students want to represent the story with a diagram or equation but need support to start, consider asking:
  • “What is the story about? How could you break the problem into smaller parts?”
  • “How could you use a diagram or equation to represent the smaller parts?”

Activity Synthesis

  • Invite previously identified students to share the diagram for comparing Tyler's money to Andre's and Noah's money.
  • “How does this diagram represent the story?” (It shows Tyler's amount and then the combined amount of Andre and Noah. I can see that Tyler has less than Andre and Noah and that I need to add Andre's amount and Noah's amount and then subtract Tyler's amount from that.)

Lesson Synthesis

Lesson Synthesis

“Today we solved all different types of story problems and used diagrams to help make sense of them.“

Display the image from the first activity.

Diagram.

“Tell your partner a story about money that this diagram could represent.” (_____ had \$39 and _____ had \$68. How much more money does _____ have than _____?)

Cool-down: Mai’s Money (5 minutes)

Cool-Down

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Student Section Summary

Student Facing

In this section we learned the value of quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies and how to recognize each coin. We used addition and counting strategies to find the values of mixed sets of coins. We learned that a dollar has the same value as 100 cents and combined coins to make \$1. We also solved story problems about money.

Coin poster. Front and back sides of all coins and a bill. Students fill in the name and value.