Lesson 20

Estrategias para dividir

Warm-up: Conversación numérica: Multiplicación y división (10 minutes)

Narrative

The purpose of this Number Talk is to elicit strategies and understandings students have for using multiplication to help them divide. These understandings help students develop fluency and will be helpful later in this lesson when students will need to be able to find the value of quotients.

Launch

  • Display one expression.
  • “Hagan una señal cuando tengan una respuesta y puedan explicar cómo la obtuvieron” // “Give me a signal when you have an answer and can explain how you got it.”
  • 1 minute: quiet think time

Activity

  • Record answers and strategy.
  • Keep expressions and work displayed.
  • Repeat with each expression.

Student Facing

Encuentra mentalmente el valor de cada expresión.

  • \(3 \times 5\)
  • \(6 \times 5\)
  • \(10 \times 5\)
  • \(65 \div 5\)

Student Response

Teachers with a valid work email address can click here to register or sign in for free access to Student Response.

Activity Synthesis

  • “¿Cómo nos ayuda pensar en la multiplicación cuando dividimos?” // “How does thinking about multiplication help you divide?” (I can think about what number multiplied by 5 will be 65. I can break that into smaller products I know.)
  • Consider asking:
    • “¿Alguien puede expresar el razonamiento de _____ de otra forma?” // “Who can restate _____’s reasoning in a different way?”
    • “¿Alguien usó la misma estrategia, pero la explicaría de otra forma?” // “Did anyone have the same strategy but would explain it differently?”
    • “¿Alguien pensó en el problema de otra forma?” // “Did anyone approach the problem in a different way?”
    • “¿Alguien quiere agregar algo a la estrategia de _____?” // “Does anyone want to add on to _____’s strategy?”

Activity 1: Formas de dividir (15 minutes)

Narrative

The purpose of this activity is for students to transition from reasoning about division concretely or visually (using base-ten diagrams) to doing so more abstractly (by writing equations). It also reinforces the connections between multiplication and division.

Students make sense of three different strategies of dividing 78 by 3 and attend to the connections between the visual and numerical representations of the same quotient. As they do so, they practice reasoning quantitatively and abstractly (MP2).

During the synthesis, discuss how place value units play a role in all three strategies.

MLR8 Discussion Supports. Synthesis: Display Lin, Priya, and Tyler’s strategies. As students share their observations, annotate the display to illustrate connections. For example, annotate where students see the divisor, dividend, and quotient on each diagram.
Advances: Listening, Representing

Launch

  • Groups of 2
  • “Tómense un par de minutos para darle sentido al trabajo de Lin, de Priya y de Tyler” // “Take a couple minutes to make sense of Lin, Priya, and Tyler’s work.”
  • 2 minutes: quiet think time

Activity

  • “Con su compañero, denle sentido al trabajo de Lin, de Priya y de Tyler, y completen la actividad” // “Work with your partner to make sense of Lin, Priya, and Tyler’s work and to complete the activity.”
  • 7–8 minutes: partner work time
  • Monitor for students who:
    • make connections between the equations and the base-ten diagram
    • recognize how Tyler’s equations and reasoning are different from Priya’s equations
  • Identify students who can explain these connections or distinctions to share during the synthesis.

Student Facing

  1. Lin, Priya y Tyler encontraron el valor de \(78 \div 3\). Este es su trabajo. Dale sentido al trabajo de cada estudiante.

    Lin

    Base ten diagram. 7 tens and 8 ones with arrow pointing to three groups of 2 tens and 6 ones.

    Priya

    \(\begin{align} 3\times 10&= 30\\ 3\times 10&= 30\\ 3\times \phantom{0}6 &= 18 \\ \overline {\hspace{5mm}3 \times 26} &\overline {\hspace{1mm}=78 \phantom{000}} \end{align}\)

    Tyler

    \(\begin{align} 3\times 20&= 60\\ 3\times \phantom{0}6 &= 18 \\ \\20 + 6 &= 26 \end{align}\)

  2. ¿En qué se parecen los trabajos de los tres estudiantes?
  3. ¿En qué son diferentes?

Student Response

Teachers with a valid work email address can click here to register or sign in for free access to Student Response.

Activity Synthesis

  • Invite students to share how Lin, Priya, and Tyler’s work are alike and how they are different.
  • Select previously identified students to share additional connections that they noticed.
  • “¿Por qué tiene sentido que Priya y Tyler escribieran ecuaciones de multiplicación para encontrar el valor de un cociente?” // “Why does it make sense that Priya and Tyler wrote multiplication equations to find the value of a quotient?” (Multiplication and division can represent the same equal-groups situation. To divide 78 by 3 is to find how many are in each of 3 groups or how many groups of 3 there are. We can multiply up to 78 to find the answer.)
  • Consider asking: “¿Qué ideas nuevas sobre la división de números aprendieron y les gustaría intentar? Discutan con un compañero por qué les gustaría intentarlas” // “What new ideas about dividing numbers did you learn and would like to try? Talk to a new partner about why you’d like to try them.”

Activity 2: ¿Cómo dividirías? (15 minutes)

Narrative

The purpose of this activity is for students to practice finding the value of division expressions using any strategy that makes sense to them. They may divide the dividend into equal groups or use the divisor to multiply up to the given dividend. They may choose to represent the division or multiplication with base-ten blocks or by drawing diagrams.

During the synthesis, highlight strategies that rely on place value, properties of operations, and the relationship between multiplication and division (MP7).

Representation: Develop Language and Symbols. Synthesis: Make connections between representations visible. Elicit from students the connections between the different strategies and representations shared by students.
Supports accessibility for: Visual-Spatial Processing, Conceptual Processing

Required Materials

Materials to Gather

Materials to Copy

  • Centimeter Grid Paper - Standard

Launch

  • Groups of 2
  • Give students access to base-ten blocks and grid paper.

Activity

  • “Encuentren el valor de cada cociente. Pueden usar la estrategia o la representación que prefieran” // “Find the value of each quotient. You can use whatever strategy or representation you prefer.”
  • 8–10 minutes: independent work time
  • Monitor for a variety of strategies and representations. Identify students to share in the synthesis.
  • “Compartan con su compañero cuál es su forma favorita de dividir” // “Share your favorite way to divide with your partner.”
  • 2–3 minutes: partner discussion

Student Facing

Encuentra el valor de cada cociente. Explica o muestra tu razonamiento. Organízalo para que los demás lo puedan entender.

  1. \(80 \div 5\)
  2. \(68 \div 4\)
  3. \(91 \div 7\)

Si te queda tiempo: Ochenta y cuatro estudiantes de una excursión se organizaron en grupos. Cada grupo tiene 14 estudiantes. ¿Cuántos grupos hay?

Student Response

Teachers with a valid work email address can click here to register or sign in for free access to Student Response.

Activity Synthesis

  • Have previously selected students share their responses. Display or record the strategies and representations students use.
  • For each problem, consider polling the class on the strategy they used.

Activity 3: “Compara: Divide hasta 100” [OPTIONAL] (10 minutes)

Narrative

The purpose of this optional activity is for students to practice evaluating division expressions in order to make comparisons. Compare is a center that focuses on the procedural skills needed to solve single- and multi-step word problems. In this stage, students will use division to evaluate and compare quotients within 100.

This stage of the Compare center is used in grades 3, 4, and 5. When used in grade 3, remove the cards with two-digit divisors.

Required Materials

Materials to Copy

  • Compare Stage 4 Division Cards

Required Preparation

  • Create a set of cards from the blackline master for each group of 2. Remove the cards with two-digit divisors.

Launch

  • Groups of 2
  • Give each group of students a set of cards from the blackline master.
  • “Ahora juguemos ‘Compara’ para practicar lo que han aprendido sobre dividir números” // “Now let’s play Compare to practice what you learned about dividing numbers.” 
  • “Tómense un minuto para leer las instrucciones con su compañero” // “Take a minute to read the directions with your partner.”
  • 1 minute: quiet think time
  • Answer any questions about the directions. If needed, play a turn with the class.

Activity

  • 5–7 minutes: partner work time
  • If time permits, provide extra time to play Compare.

Student Facing

Juega “Compara” con dos jugadores.

  1. Mezclen las tarjetas y dividan el montón entre los jugadores.
  2. Cada jugador voltea una tarjeta.
  3. Comparen los valores. El jugador que tenga el mayor valor se queda con ambas tarjetas.
  4. Jueguen hasta que se terminen las tarjetas. Gana el jugador que tenga más tarjetas al final del juego.

Student Response

Teachers with a valid work email address can click here to register or sign in for free access to Student Response.

Activity Synthesis

  • Display: \(92 \div 4\) and \(72 \div 3\).
  • “Supongamos que estas son las dos tarjetas que tomaron. ¿Cómo decidirían cuál expresión tiene el mayor valor?” // “Suppose these are the two cards you draw. How would you decide which expression has the greatest value?”

Lesson Synthesis

Lesson Synthesis

“Hoy usamos varias estrategias y representaciones para dividir números más grandes. ¿Cómo les gusta dividir los números más grandes? ¿Por qué?” // “Today, we used a variety of strategies and representations to divide larger numbers. How do you like to divide larger numbers? Why?” (I like to use multiplication because I can use the multiplication facts I know to divide. I like to divide in parts because I can think about smaller division facts I know. I like to use drawings of base-ten blocks and think about putting them into equal groups because I can use tens and ones to divide.)

Cool-down: Una división más (5 minutes)

Cool-Down

Teachers with a valid work email address can click here to register or sign in for free access to Cool-Downs.